OpenStack安装环境搭建教程
1、硬件环境:需要三台虚拟机,配置如下:
节点类型 | CPU | 内存 | 硬盘 | IP地址 | 操作系统 |
控制节点 | 4核 | 8GB | 20GB | 192.168.44.3 | CentOS 7 |
计算节点 | 2核 | 4GB | 20GB | 192.168.44.4/5 | CentOS 7 |
2、网络要求:至少一套网络,使用Vmware虚拟机的网络即可。
3、操作系统:推荐使用CentOS 7,OpenStack开源版本均支持大部分开源操作系统,如CentOS、Ubuntu、SUSE等。
前置操作
1、关闭防火墙和SELinux:
在三台虚拟机上执行以下命令:
“`bash
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
vim /etc/selinux/config
# 将SELINUX=enforcing改为disabled
setenforce 0
reboot
“`
2、配置主机名和hosts文件:
在每台虚拟机上执行以下命令:
“`bash
hostnamectl set-hostname –pretty controller
hostnamectl set-hostname –static controller
hostnamectl set-hostname –transient controller
vi /etc/hosts
# 添加以下内容:
192.168.44.3 controller
192.168.44.4 compute1
192.168.44.5 compute2
“`
3、安装OpenStack及Ceph的yum源:
能连接外网的情况下:
“`bash
yum install centos-release-openstack-train
yum clean all && yum makecache
“`
如果无法上网,从http://mirror.centos.org/下载源包并配置本地源。
4、配置时间同步服务ntpd:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum -y install ntp
systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
“`
OpenStack组件安装步骤
1、安装RabbitMQ:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install rabbitmq-server -y
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
“`
安装OpenStack客户端:
“`bash
yum install python-openstackclient openstack-selinux -y
“`
2、安装Etcd:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install etcd -y
vi /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
# 编辑配置文件…
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd
“`
3、安装Memcached:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install memcached python-memcached -y
vi /etc/sysconfig/memcached
# 添加OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller"
systemctl enable memcached.service
systemctl start memcached.service
“`
4、安装MySQL:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL -y
systemctl enable mariadb.service
systemctl start mariadb.service
mysql_secure_installation
“`
5、安装Keystone:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi -y
vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl enable openstack-keystone.service
systemctl start openstack-keystone.service
“`
6、安装Glance:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install openstack-glance httpd mod_wsgi -y
vi /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl enable openstack-glance.service
systemctl start openstack-glance.service
“`
7、安装Placement:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install openstack-placement httpd mod_wsgi -y
vi /etc/placement/placement.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl enable openstack-placement.service
systemctl start openstack-placement.service
“`
8、安装Nova:
在控制节点和计算节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install openstack-nova httpd mod_wsgi -y
vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service
systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service
systemctl enable openstack-nova-scheduler.service
systemctl start openstack-nova-scheduler.service
systemctl enable openstack-nova-conductor.service
systemctl start openstack-nova-conductor.service
“`
在计算节点上执行:
“`bash
vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable libvirtd.service
systemctl start libvirtd.service
systemctl enable openstack-nova-compute.service
systemctl start openstack-nova-compute.service
“`
9、安装Neutron:
在控制节点和计算节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install openstack-neutron httpd mod_wsgi -y
vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl enable neutron-server.service
systemctl start neutron-server.service
systemctl enable neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
systemctl enable neutron-dhcp-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-dhcp-agent.service
systemctl enable neutron-metadata-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-metadata-agent.service
“`
在计算节点上执行:
“`bash
vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
systemctl enable neutron-dhcp-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-dhcp-agent.service
systemctl enable neutron-metadata-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-metadata-agent.service
“`
10、安装Dashboard:
在控制节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install openstack-dashboard httpd mod_wsgi -y
vi /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.py
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
“`
11、安装Cinder:
在控制节点和计算节点上执行:
“`bash
yum install openstack-cinder httpd mod_wsgi -y
vi /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl enable openstack-cinder.service
systemctl start openstack-cinder.service
“`
在计算节点上执行:
“`bash
vi /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
# 配置数据库连接信息…
systemctl enable openstack-cinder.service
systemctl start openstack-cinder.service
“`
相关问题与解答栏目
1、问题一:如果在安装过程中遇到RabbitMQ无法启动的问题,该如何解决?
解答:首先检查RabbitMQ的日志文件(通常位于/var/log/rabbitmq/
目录下),查看是否有任何错误信息,常见的问题包括配置文件错误、权限问题或端口冲突,确保配置文件中的路径和权限设置正确,并且RabbitMQ正在监听正确的端口,如果问题依旧存在,可以尝试重新安装RabbitMQ或查看官方文档和支持论坛以获取更多帮助。
2、问题二:如何在OpenStack中配置NTP服务以确保所有节点的时间同步?
解答:在控制节点上安装并配置NTP服务,在每个计算节点上将其NTP服务器指向控制节点,具体步骤如下:在控制节点上执行yum install ntp -y
,编辑/etc/ntp.conf
文件,添加server <控制节点IP> iburst
并启动NTP服务,在每个计算节点上重复这些步骤,但将NTP服务器设置为控制节点的IP地址,重启所有节点上的NTP服务以应用更改。
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