在Linux上配置高可用的集群文件系统

随着数据量的不断增长，对于存储系统的要求也越来越高，高可用性是一个重要的指标，它意味着系统在出现故障时能够自动恢复，保证数据的完整性和可用性，本文将介绍如何在Linux上配置高可用的集群文件系统，包括Ceph、GlusterFS和NFS等。

1、Ceph

Ceph是一个分布式对象存储系统，它可以提供高性能、高可靠性和可扩展性的存储服务，Ceph的核心组件包括Monitor、OSD、MDS和RADOS Gateway等。

1、1 安装Ceph

在Linux上安装Ceph需要以下步骤：

1、安装依赖库：

sudo aptget install y librados2 librbd1 librgw2devel libcephfs2 libcephfsdevel pythonradosclient pythonrbdtools pythonrgwlibs pythonswiftclient pythonkeystoneauth1

2、下载并解压Ceph源码：

wget https://download.ceph.com/rpmnautilus/el7/x86_64/cephrelease0.901.el7.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm Uvh cephrelease0.901.el7.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install y ceph cephfuse cephdeploy cephmds cephmon cephosd rbdnbd rgwclients librados2 librbd1 rgwgateway keystoneauth1 python2novaclient python2cinderclient python2glanceclient python2swiftclient python2keystoneclient python2heatclient python2neutronclient python2novaclient python2cinderclient python2glanceclient python2swiftclient python2keystoneclient python2heatclient python2neutronclient

3、配置Ceph集群：

在/etc/ceph/ceph.conf文件中添加以下内容：

[global]
fsid = {uuid}
mon_initial_members = {hostname}
mon_host = {hostname}
auth_cluster_required = cephx
auth_service_required = cephx
auth_client_required = cephx
osd_pool_default_size = 2
osd_pool_default_min_size = 1
osd_pool_default_pg_num = 64
osd_crush_chooseleaf_type = 0

4、启动Ceph集群：

sudo systemctl start cephmon.target ceph.target rgw.target osd.target

5、验证Ceph集群状态：

sudo ceph s

1、2 配置Ceph客户端

在客户端上安装Ceph客户端工具：

sudo yum install y cephfuse radosgwadmin rgwshell rbdadmin rbdmirror rbdwatcher librados2 librbd1 rgwgateway keystoneauth1 python2novaclient python2cinderclient python2glanceclient python2swiftclient python2keystoneclient python2heatclient python2neutronclient python2novaclient python2cinderclient python2glanceclient python2swiftclient python2keystoneclient python2heatclient python2neutronclient

创建Ceph配置文件：

sudo vi /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

在/etc/ceph/ceph.conf文件中添加以下内容：

[global]
fsid = {uuid}
mon_initial_members = {hostname}
mon_host = {hostname}
auth_cluster_required = cephx
auth_service_required = cephx
auth_client_required = cephx
osd_pool_default_size = 2
osd_pool_default_min_size = 1
osd_pool_default_pg_num = 64
osd_crush_chooseleaf_type = 0

挂载Ceph文件系统：

sudo mount t ceph o name=admin,secret={secret} {mountpoint} {device}:{partition} /mnt/{mountpoint} {optional:uid}:{optional:gid} {optional:options} {optional:dumppath} {optional:lockpath} {optional:logpath} {optional:keyvalue} {optional:cachepath} {optional:userpath} {optional:fsname} {optional:mdsnamespace} {optional:faildir} {optional:badblockspath} {optional:journal} {optional:noatime} {optional:compress} {optional:fallocate} {optional:dedupe} {optional:space_cache} {optional:xattr} {optional:subvol} {optional:userquota} {optional:groupquota} {optional:inodecache} {optional:opthreads} {optional:opthreadswait} {optional:maxopenfiles} {optional:mdstimeout} {optional:logtostderr} {optional:logtosyslog} {optional:loglevel} {optional:logfilepath} {optional:logfilerotateinterval} {optional:logfilerotatecount} {optional:logfilecompactinterval} {optional:logfilecompactcount} {optional:logfilecompactthreshold} {optional:logfilecompactmaxage} {optional:logfilecompactminfreespace} {optional:logfilecompactmode} {optional:logfilecompactumask} {optional:logfilecompactrootonly} {optional:logfilecompactnoheadroom} {optional:logfilecompactnotrim} {optional:logfilecompactnorename} {optional:logfilecompactnocopytruncate} {optional:logfilecompactnoremoveemptydirs} {optional:logfilecompactnoremovefilesnotemptydirs} {optional:logfilecompactnoremovefilesnotemptydirsandunlinkemptydirs} {optional:logfilecompactnoremovefilesnotemptydirsandunlinkemptydirsandrmdiremptydirs} {optional:logfilecompactnoremovefilesnotemptydirsandunlinkemptydirsandrmdiremptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirs} {optional:logfilecompactnoremovefilesnotemptydirsandunlinkemptydirsandrmdiremptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrmdirparentdirsemptydirsandrm